Calif. Stations Dodge Blackouts
Radio Managers in Western States Face Staggering
Power Bills and Are Forced to Conserve
by Randy J. Stine
LOS ANGELES Hoping to avoid the California
"blackout bug" for the rest of the summer, broadcasters
here have readied auxiliary power plans and even lobbied state
government to spare themselves the most painful aspects of this
summer’s energy crisis.
Most experts contacted by Radio World said the
impact of the energy squeeze on broadcasters has been minimal.
However, with the reliable, consistent and affordable delivery
of electricity vital to studios and remote transmitter sites,
the threat of additional "rolling blackouts" this summer
remained a concern, especially with the state’s public utilities
struggling to meet the growing summertime demand.
The crisis also has raised longer-term questions
for broadcasters about the availability of reliable power.
California’s recent measures are meant to
conserve power when energy usage is highest to prevent unexpected
shortages. The California Independent Systems Operator, a nonprofit
agency that manages the state electrical grid, predicted more
than 30 days of rolling blackouts through this summer.
Skyrocketing costs
Even those broadcasters lucky enough to avoid blackouts
are paying a price.
Skyrocketing energy costs have cut into station
profits. Some broadcasters have seen their energy bills nearly
double this year, said Stan Statham, president of the California
Broadcasters Association.
Statham said most broadcasters have received exempt
status from planned outages from the California Public Utilities
Commission. The state’s energy blueprint allows some customers
to be classified as "essential customers," not subject
to the blackouts.
Along with broadcasters, emergency service agencies,
hospitals and telephone system operators are exempt. Only eligible
for the special exemptions are customers of the state’s three
largest utilities: Pacific Gas & Electric Co., Southern California
Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric.
According to the California Public Utilities Commission,
"Any customer who can demonstrate clearly that rotating power
outages are likely to pose a significant threat to public health
or safety" can apply. The deadline for applying was in June.
However, Statham said the exemption is not necessarily
a guarantee broadcasters will stay online.
"We have heard of a broadcaster backlash of
sorts. The utilities figure if you have a generator, then you
are a candidate for a blackout."
He said California Gov. Gray Davis proposed a bill
that would reimburse broadcasters for any cost associated with
running their backup generators.
Statham said many radio stations in his state began
preparing for potential power problems early this year after forecasts
by state utilities predicted summer shortages were inevitable.
Scott Petersen, chief engineer for Regent Communications’
four station group in Chico, Calif., said several of his stations
have experienced several days of short outages since April, but
thanks to propane generators, the stations lost minimal airtime.
"Radio stations live on electricity. That
is what we are. The availability of power is critical. You can
sometimes forget that until you go without," Petersen said.
Maintain generators
Testing of generators is the most important part
of any backup power plan, Petersen said.
"I’ve been let down because of a simple
bad battery. Maintenance is the key. Keep them running, or be
forced to buy a new one in a pinch."
Petersen said sometimes a $20,000 generator in
the engineering budget "can look excessive" to station
management.
Several engineering sources estimated the cost
of a 60-kW diesel generator at $15,000 and up. Propane generators
typically are a bit less expensive. Add to that another $3,000
for the cost of transferring from one power source to another,
they said.
Jim Balcom, chief engineer for KYMX(FM) and KZZO(FM)
in Sacramento, said his station prep included making sure uninterruptible
power supplies on critical computers were up and functioning.
"In particular for on-air studios and traffic
departments. Since the whole building is not on the diesel generator,
a lot of the office stuff will go dead," Balcom said. "In
addition, the microwave room and rack room are online if the power
quits."
Neither station has had power interrupted, but
they are prepared, Balcom said. "We have 300-gallon diesel
tanks and generators at the studios and two transmitter sites,
so we could run almost four days without refueling if need be."
Balcom said that, depending on the utility company,
some stations are better off than others. "Fortunately, we
are not a part of a large utility like PG&E or Edison. They
are the ones with the most problems," he said.
Sacramento Municipal Utility District supplies
power to Infinity Broadcasting’s Sacramento group.
The Sutro Tower near San Francisco and Mount Wilson
near Los Angeles are the two largest multiple-antenna locations
in the state. Neither of the sites has suffered power interruptions,
said Mark Powers, spokesman for the California Broadcasters Association.
San Francisco AM stations KGO, KSFO and KMKY use
the Sutro site as a relay point for their two-way radio systems,
said Art Lebermann, chief transmitter engineer for the ABC Radio
trio.
Power disruptions
Lebermann said the three stations’ transmitter
sites around the Bay Area have seen several disruptions in power
since April.
"We have focused great attention on our remote
transmitter sites, which run the same risk as on-air studios of
being targeted for a rolling blackout," he said.
Along with worrying about power shutdowns, engineers
have noticed minor fluctuations in service, Lebermann said.
"All modern designs are well-protected with
overload monitor circuits. We run all other critical equipment,
like remote control and STL receivers with small UPS units just
in case," he said.
Lebermann, who also is chairman for the Bay Area’s
SBE chapter 40, said California’s experience with natural
disasters, including earthquakes, has meant broadcasters were
better-prepared for this summer’s scheduled power outages.
"Broadcasters, particularly in the Bay Area,
have learned valuable lessons from earthquakes, ‘Be prepared
no matter the cost,’" he said. "That means monthly
testing of generators and UPS on all critical computers as a necessity
to maintaining business as usual."
Chief engineers interviewed for this story all
agreed on one thing – power conservation is critical. Most
said the current power crisis in California will not immediately
cause long-term planning for additional facilities. They point
out that broadcasters, unlike those in the manufacturing sector,
cannot simply move to another state with a cheaper and more dependable
power supply.
"We have tried to tell people to turn off
computers and monitors when they are not needed. We have cut back
on the lighting a bit. We try to power down as many things as
we can when we can," Lebermann said.
Sandy Gamblin, Clear Channel Communications/Bakersfield
general manager, said his company’s electric bill is nearly
50 percent higher than a year ago.
"It’s a big number. You can’t do
without it though. Long-term, it’s a major concern,"
Gamblin said.
"We have seen our bills climb an average of
30 percent," said Mary Lou Gunn, Clear Channel Communications/Fresno
market manager. "It’s hard to conserve when it’s
110 in Fresno. You try to keep your people and equipment cool,"
she said.
Gunn said her typical monthly energy bill for the
group’s seven stations has increased by "thousands of
dollars a month. And we expect rates to go higher still."
Mike Glickenhaus, Clear Channel Communications/San
Diego market manager, said his group’s move earlier this
summer into a new, "energy-friendly" facility should
help to reduce the cost of running seven radio stations.
"Before the move-in, I’d say we were
averaging electricity bills 20 to 40 percent higher than last
year at the old locations," Glickenhaus said.
"There are a few things we can do with the
new building that should lower the bill a bit."
The California Broadcasters Association is asking
its members, 105 television stations and 653 radio stations, to
send in copies of their electric bills from June 2000 and June
2001 to allow the association a chance to examine the differences.
Serious issue
"We already have engineers predicting huge
increases. It is really frightening. We are taking it very seriously,"
Statham said.
Statham said several stations have showed interest
in selling back excess electricity to the utilities during rolling
blackouts if they persist.
"If we have broadcasters generating electricity
during a blackout and they produce more than they can use, they
can in theory sell it back to the energy companies," he said.
The idea was discussed at the California Broadcasters Association
annual convention in June.
California is not alone with its concerns over
the nation’s power grid.
"We are looking at ways for broadcasters to
cut energy consumption and costs," said Mark Allen, president
and CEO for the Washington State Association of Broadcasters,
which represents nearly 60 radio broadcasters with more than 200
stations in the state.
"The Pacific Northwest has always been very
conscious of the environment. To the extent they can, broadcasters
are willing to make efforts to conserve. Conservation is the rule
of thumb," Allen said.
Washington state broadcasters are running public
service announcements and offering tips on how to conserve as
well, Allen said.
Several broadcast engineers in electricity-starved
California said the energy crisis may have one added benefit –
managers are now aware exactly what condition auxiliary power
generating systems are in.
"Let’s face it. A diesel generator can
costs thousands of dollars, yet you hope you never have to use
it. But now at least we have been put under some pressure to be
better-prepared," one engineer said.
Lebermann pointed to the benefits of new and more
efficient transmitters, in particular replacing old tube-type
transmitters with solid-state. They are vastly more energy efficient,
he said.
"In a sense, rather than the power crisis
causing people to defer investment, which may be true in some
other industries, this in fact may encourage broadcasters to invest
in new, more efficient equipment for their facilities," Lebermann
said.
As of late June, California had experienced six
days of rotating power outages since the beginning of the year,
according to California’s Public Utilities Commission. Most
lasted approximately one hour and affected different parts of
the state. The California Independent System Operator resorts
to rolling blackouts only after the state’s electricity reserves
fall below 1.5 percent.
